(Links are to the pertinent points in the video)
00:15 Казахскся. ССР. A.D.2048
"Kazakh SSR A.D.2048"
(Russian script, Latin date)
02:49 Сиби́рь 1
"Siberia"
(Russian script)
06:24 געלראב
"Balrog"2 (written backwards and mis-spelled3)
(looks like some kind of Aramaic or Hebrew script; Hebrew shown above)
11:03 Amazon
"Amazon"
(Latin/English script)
13:23 ᚦᛖ ᛏᚻᛚᚱᛒ ᛗᛟᛟᚾ
Perhaps "The Third Moon"
(Norse runes; literally "the thlrb moon"4)
1 Thanks to @RadovanGarabík for pointing out the typo in my original transcription (I'm not very familiar with Slavic languages).
2 Per https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strider_Hiryu
3 Aramaic and its descendants (including Hebrew) are written right-to-left. Thanks to @RossPresser for pointing out that it's also mis-spelled.
4 To be pedantic, it's literally "ÞE THLRB MOON" with Þ being the letter thorn (pronounced th). This letter existed in English up until Middle English5; currently only Icelandic still uses it.
5 It is still used very rarely in English in phrases such as "Ye Olde Shoppe"6 which should properly be pronounced "The Old Shop".
6 Y is used for Þ since when the printing press was first invented (in Europe, at least) the presses were manufactured in Germany. German didn't use the letter þ so when English publishers needed to print that letter they chose the most similarly-shaped letter that the presses did have, namely y.
( I love languages ☺ )