Questions tagged [programming]
For questions about programming languages and constructs. For questions about specific languages please check for language-specific tags first, and use those instead.
133
questions
4
votes
1answer
112 views
Chaining IRQ's with BASIC & Kernal routines turned off
Having disabled BASIC and Kernal routines I set up an IRQ to run the following code when the raster line reaches 200:
.irq1
inc 53280 // change border colour
// lda #$ff // clear the ...
2
votes
4answers
683 views
Are there some non-OOP programming languages that does not allow you to make a variable private? [closed]
In the non-OOP programming languages that I know of, you can't make a variable private (i.e. there is no private keyword), but there are some tricks that you can use to effectively make a variable ...
28
votes
13answers
6k views
What language(s) implements function return value by assigning to the function name
In this Stack Overflow question the original code made the mistake of using the function name as a variable, and assigned the return value to it. A commenter mentioned that he once used a language ...
13
votes
3answers
2k views
When was the phrase “sufficiently smart compiler” first used?
In discussions and arguments about programming language design, one often hears comments about "sufficiently smart" compilers, as in "X needn't be inefficient, since a sufficiently ...
-1
votes
1answer
233 views
How were console games ported to DOS?
Many popular DOS games were ported from video game consoles:
Earthworm Jim
Mega Man
The Lion King
The Lost Vikings
Turrican 2
Rayman
Oscar
Zool
Video game consoles generally have wildly different ...
11
votes
3answers
514 views
What was the earliest use of |> pipe in programming?
I am trying to find which language used the |> operator first.
It's being discussed for use in R, and it's been in OCaml for some years.
Did it originate in OCaml? If not, what are its earliest ...
31
votes
3answers
4k views
Why is the ‘auto’ storage class specifier included in C?
The auto keyword in C seems quite redundant: wherever it makes sense to define a variable with automatic storage duration, it is already the default, so there is no reason to use the keyword. The ...
8
votes
1answer
910 views
Why does the Applesoft BASIC have shapes?
Why did Apple include shapes in Applesoft BASIC? There are no sprites on the Apple II, but shapes provide a simple vector drawing tool. As graphics go the shapes are kind of an odd duck, they provide ...
7
votes
1answer
375 views
How did old car games, using “sprite illusions”, function on a technical level?
Example: https://youtu.be/E9QJZSBpvg0?t=80
The road turns not only left and right, like in the classic Pole Position, but also goes up and down. Other than the cars and the road, there are numerous ...
0
votes
0answers
47 views
How to burn CDTV extended ROM image to eeproms
I have a patched version of CDTV extended rom, which I need to burn to 2 chips. I have 2 ST M27C1000 with pin swap adapter (pins 2 & 24 - M27C1001), TL866 mini pro programmer, hex editor and I was ...
2
votes
1answer
211 views
How to get started with writing drivers for amiga OS
I would like to learn how to write drivers for Amiga OS. Seems like a daunting task, but I have spare time and I find great value for amiga (CDTV) community in particular. Currently if a CD ROM breaks ...
50
votes
1answer
6k views
How was collision detection done on the Asteroids arcade game?
In honor of today's landing of and sample collection by the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft on the asteroid Bennu:
How did the arcade game Asteroids detect collisions between the screen objects (player's ship, ...
3
votes
2answers
268 views
Is there any documentation for programming Microsoft Windows Sound System sound cards?
I'm programming my own sound mixing engine and drivers for MS-DOS, but I can't find any documentation for programming for Microsoft Windows Sound System interface sound cards.
Was there any ...
2
votes
2answers
191 views
Why isn't this invocation of XMS function Move EMB 0Bh in Turbo C correct?
Following on from my last question, I cannot get Move Extended Memory Block (Function 0Bh) working in Turbo C 2.01.
The following main.c contains only the minimum functions: get the XMS driver pointer,...
4
votes
3answers
525 views
How can I force Turbo Assembler to use multiple passes when invoked from Turbo C?
I'm using Turbo C and Turbo Assembler 2.01 to write a C wrapper around the XMS interface so I can use XMS memory in real mode, large model. I've started by writing the following:
#include <dos.h>...
4
votes
2answers
437 views
How can I malloc() a block that's guaranteed to lie within a single DMA segment in Turbo C 2.01?
I'm following root42's videos about DOS programming using Turbo C 2.01. I've written my own Soundblaster 1.xx driver following the Creative Labs documentation, and I'm confused about memory allocation....
9
votes
4answers
1k views
What were the first BASIC interpreters to be programmed in high-level languages?
I've been continuing to revise and expand the Wikipedia article that I started on BASIC interpreters. One of the criticisms was that it was too focused on the microcomputer era (which interested me ...
5
votes
3answers
313 views
Was this FORTRAN “extension” originated by IBM?
This question has been prompted by a recent question about the assigned GOTO operator.
It appears that some early FORTRAN implementations supported a non-obvious construct: using an indexed variable ...
17
votes
2answers
2k views
When did FORTRAN decide on signed integers?
I have personally always been of the opinion that it would make sense for the default integer type to be unsigned, though it's been a long time since that would've been a live issue for debate; C in ...
15
votes
2answers
2k views
Looking for information on a programming language called WhatDoesItDo
I am looking for information on a training language called "WhatDoesItDo". It was used in 1978 at Austin Community College on a Motorola 6800 CPU.
If anyone has any information, I would ...
3
votes
2answers
269 views
Is there a way to blank out a portion of a screen on Commdore C64?
I would like to blank out a couple of lines between two given rasterlines. Above that I'm planning to have a scrolling background and sprites, below that is a textual info area.
I'm thinking of a ...
4
votes
1answer
240 views
Back in the day, were games coded to run better with more (not faster) RAM? [closed]
Let's say the year is 1999 or something like that. I have a PC with 400 MHz, no graphics accelerator and 64 MB RAM, and try to run some Need for Speed game or something. I notice that it goes laggy.
...
17
votes
1answer
510 views
Was the IBM S/360 Responsible for Popularizating the 'A'-to-'F' Notation in Hexadecimal Numbers?
In the early history of computing before the mid-1960s, there wasn't an universal, de-facto standard for the written representation of a hexadecimal number, different computer systems used their own ...
7
votes
2answers
833 views
How can I programmatically determine whether an Apple II .dsk disk image is a DOS .do image or a ProDOS .po image?
I'm interested in working with the most common Apple II disk image file format, .dsk.
(I only programmed these machines briefly in Basic around 1979-81 and have not been in the emulator scene, so I'm ...
3
votes
1answer
86 views
What is the layout of the directory track on a TRS-80 Model I/Model III disk?
I've decided to add support for some more classic Z80 computers I used to use to my Ghidra modules, and the first Z80 systems I used were the TRS-80 model I and model III.
I've found documentation ...
10
votes
2answers
1k views
What was the first preprocessor for a programming language?
A preprocessor is a tool that takes source code as input and outputs a modified version of it for input to a downstream tool, such as a compiler or interpreter. Preprocessors can be used to implement ...
2
votes
1answer
109 views
Are there open source Java libraries for reading DSK and EDSK disk image files as used by Amstrad and Spectrum +3 emulators?
I've been working on some modules for the Ghidra reverse engineering tool.
Ghidra is written in Java, which I'd always avoided when I was more actively programming so this is an opportunity to learn ...
28
votes
2answers
10k views
What is this programming language having PROC, DCL, LABEL keywords?
A 1980 paper called "Register Allocation via Coloring" contains something that looks like source code:
P: PROC(MODE);
DCL
MODE BIT(1),
(A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,A6,A7,A8,A9,A10,
B1,B2,B3,...
23
votes
7answers
4k views
Was it possible programmatically to manipulate the volume as well as the pitch on computers with no sound chip?
On early versions of many 8-bit computers like the Apple II, Spectrum, and even the IBM PC, there was no sound hardware other than the simple "beeper".
Programmers made sound by hitting a hardware ...
12
votes
2answers
762 views
Did the Commodore 128's Z80 CPU also have full access to the machine's custom hardware?
The C128 was a C64 with an extra CPU as well as extra memory. But the second CPU was a Zilog Z80 while the primary was the usual Commodore CPU, a MOS 6502.
The Z80 was there so that CP/M software ...
5
votes
2answers
422 views
How did Microsoft get away with JScript? [closed]
How exactly did Microsoft reverse engineer Brendan Eich's JavaScript, call it something else and not get a massive lawsuit in the aftermath? I understand this was a long time ago but I still wonder ...
9
votes
1answer
479 views
Can you program an arcade game and have MAME or another emu run it?
I know Mame works with drivers for each game or hardware, and it checks for specific ROMs, and I guess it might check also for some checksum to verify the ROMs integrity.
Is there some way you could ...
13
votes
1answer
467 views
Did Babbage's Analytical Engine lack indirect addressing?
As I understand it the analytical engine could only refer to memory by variable cards that had the explicit address printed on them, see https://www.fourmilab.ch/babbage/cards.html. For instance the ...
20
votes
3answers
3k views
How were the 70's and 80's coin-op programmed?
How were the 70's and 80's coin-op programmed?
What tools did a programmer use?
Nowadays a programmer can use a PC, an IDE to program, test, use breakpoint... but in the 80s?
How could a programmer ...
31
votes
3answers
3k views
How did Elite do vertex transformation?
In 3D graphics, vertex transformation is the process of converting x,y,z coordinates in 3D space, to x,y coordinates on the screen. According to https://www.khronos.org/opengl/wiki/...
2
votes
5answers
948 views
What was the first introduction of callback concept of programming?
Although I seriously code with computer languages in general since 2010 and as an amateur programmer with programming languages in particular since 2015 (primarily Bash and JavaScript imperative ...
-6
votes
1answer
584 views
What is the maximum 64 bit integer (number) value? [closed]
I already know that the maximum integers for ranges higher than 24-bit (16 777 216) will very likely exceed 1 000 000 000, so, what is the maximum 64 bit integer? It is larger than 10 bilion?
7
votes
2answers
1k views
Were any DOS games (or software) known to use VBE/AF?
Were there any MS-DOS games or graphics software that were known to take advantage of VESA BIOS Extensions/Accelerator Functions (VBE/AF)?
some of the functions defined in the standard are ... Bit ...
11
votes
1answer
495 views
Why didn't Wozniak's interrupts work on the Apple I monitor program?
In his autobiography, Steve Wozniak recounts[1] his difficulty getting interrupts working on the 6502 microprocessor:
The next step was to debug the 256-byte monitor program on the PROMs. I spent ...
5
votes
3answers
551 views
How to use HGR2 (or HGR) on an Apple II
I am a big fan of the TV show lost, and I was trying to make the Dharma Initiative logo.
But at certain point I couldn't add new lines of code and the final part of the logo was cut off. I tried to ...
8
votes
4answers
1k views
What was the earliest microcomputer Logo language implementation?
Wikipedia has a long list of Logo implementations, but I'd like to know what the earliest implementation is on a microcomputer, or, more likely, what are the earliest ones if there isn't one with ...
2
votes
2answers
347 views
emulator library that allows to partially emulate old games [closed]
EDIT: previously I added a lot of examples to this questions. I removed the examples, because the question was voted to be "too broad", so I put more emphasis on the question again.
Question:
Is ...
2
votes
1answer
569 views
What programming languages appeared in 1961?
I'm trying to get Programming Languages Through The Years over on the Code Golf site going again. The Wikipedia article that the challenge has been working from only lists COMIT for 1961, and calling ...
69
votes
5answers
12k views
Why wasn't ASCII designed with a contiguous alphanumeric character order?
Anyone who has dealt with strings at a low level (e.g., writing a parser in C), knows that doing so tends to involve frequent checks of—either manually, or through isalpha(), isalnum(), etc—whether a ...
10
votes
2answers
729 views
Why are my VGA vram to vram copies so slow?
I'm doing some mode x programming and I noticed that my vram to vram copies are much slower than I expected. My copying method was described by Michael Abrash in his Graphics Programming Black Book ...
8
votes
2answers
736 views
Is there data for programming language popularity pre year 2000?
Besides the TIOBE Index, which ranks programming language popularity by search engine hits and seems to have data reaching back to the year 2001, are there other sources with some form of measure for ...
55
votes
6answers
13k views
How did old MS-DOS games utilize various graphic cards?
Nowadays each graphic card has some driver in operating system that translates some (typically) standard API such as OpenGL, so that programmers use some standardized API code to tell graphics cards ...
9
votes
1answer
1k views
What was the first programming language to have 'printf'?
I'm curious as to which language was the first to literally have a formatted text output procedure called printf. A trivial question, sure, but I was prompted to ask by a recent question on ZSPL.
I'...
14
votes
9answers
2k views
What is the most rudimentary input method a platform has ever been programmed in?
A while ago I did read on the web a page whose topic was more or less:
Real men write [insert lowest level language here]
(a similar page would be this Reddit thread)
If we quickly tour some of the ...
17
votes
3answers
2k views
Is there a way to get a compiler for the original B programming language?
I am learning about the original B programming language, but I don't have a compiler.
Is there an emulator for an old computer that can run an old operating system that have a compiler for the ...
