SQLite to this day [uses a dynamic type system](https://www.sqlite.org/datatype3.html) in which integers, IEEE floating-point numbers, and other things are possible datatypes, selected by a storage class field in the format.

It’s common for languages with dynamic typing to hold data in this kind of discriminated union, but SQLite might be the only general-purpose database in wide use to write its data to disk in this format.  Other databases associate a static type with each column.

I am not aware of any architecture with hardware acceleration for this, though.